There were significant differences between sexes in zone 2 (p = 0.041) and no statistically significant differences were found by technique. DDN proved to be significantly easier than MPal in evoking an LTR (p ≤ 0.001). The areas with the highest percentage of ReP were the front (area 3 27.1%) and back (area 11 21.1%) of the arm, anterior (area 4 36.1%) and posterior (area 12 42.1%) shoulder, and infraspinatus muscle area. Local twitch response (LTR) and ReP assessed through a visual analogue scale and features of ReP of the infraspinatus muscle. The physiotherapist did not ask participants about their pain features or other relevant issues. The same physiotherapist carried out the techniques on all participants, and the same protocol was followed for both the DDN and MPal groups.

One hundred thirty-three participants (70.7% women) with shoulder complaints were randomly assigned to either an MPal (n = 67) or DDN group (n = 66).

Students and staff recruited from Miguel Hernandez University (Southeast Spain). To identify the most common referred pain (ReP) pattern of the infraspinatus myofascial trigger point (MTrP) and compare its coincidence with the original ReP pattern, to verify whether there are any significant differences by sex and types of technique and to determine the observed signs and symptoms evoked by deep dry needling (DDN) and manual palpation (MPal).Ī cohort study of patients randomized to two different examination methods (July and August 2016).

Travell and simons neck pain